Industry Knowledge

Understanding Body Armor Laws: What Civilians Need to Know

Body armor is a critical tool for personal safety, used by the military, law enforcement, and civilians in high-risk professions or outdoor activities.

However, owning or purchasing body armor isn’t as straightforward as buying a backpack or tactical vest. Body armor laws vary by jurisdiction, and misunderstanding these rules can lead to legal consequences.

This guide breaks down what civilians need to know about body armor legality, restrictions, and responsible ownership.

Federal Laws on Body Armor in the U.S.

In the United States, there is no federal ban on civilian body armor ownership. Under federal law, most civilians can legally purchase and possess body armor, including ballistic plates and soft armor panels. However, key exceptions exist:

Convicted Felons: Under 18 U.S. Code § 931, individuals convicted of a violent felony are prohibited from purchasing or possessing body armor. This applies nationwide, regardless of state laws.

Intent to Commit Crime: Using body armor during the commission of a federal crime of violence (e.g., robbery, drug trafficking) can result in enhanced penalties under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c). Mere intent without action does not typically trigger federal charges.

State-Specific Restrictions

While federal law sets a baseline, state laws add additional layers of regulation. Below are notable examples:

States with Partial Bans or Restrictions

New York: Civilians are generally prohibited from purchasing, selling, or possessing bullet-resistant soft body armor unless they qualify for an exemption (e.g., law enforcement, security professionals, or those with a demonstrated occupational need) under New York law (effective July 6, 2022).
Connecticut: Body armor sales to civilians are restricted to in-person transactions, and individuals convicted of violent felonies are prohibited from purchasing or possessing body armor, in line with federal law.
California: No restrictions on ownership, but retailers must verify that buyers are not felons.
Louisiana: Prohibits wearing body armor on school property or at school-sponsored events unless authorized (e.g., law enforcement).
Maryland: Requires a permit for civilians to purchase or possess body armor.

States with Unique Requirements

New Jersey: Body armor is legal for civilians, but retailers must verify that buyers are not prohibited persons (e.g., convicted felons). Wearing body armor during the commission of a crime can result in enhanced penalties.

Key Takeaway: Always check your state’s legislative website or consult legal counsel to confirm local laws.

International Laws: A Quick Overview

Outside the U.S., body armor regulations vary widely:

Canada: Civilians can own body armor without a federal license, but provinces like Manitoba, Nova Scotia, and British Columbia require permits for possession or purchase.

United Kingdom: Body armor is legal for civilians but cannot be imported without approval from the Home Office.

Australia: Body armor ownership requires a permit in most states, including Victoria, Western Australia, and South Australia, where it is classified as a controlled or prohibited item.

Purchasing Body Armor: What to Consider

Even where legal, buying body armor requires careful thought:

Age Restrictions
Most retailers require buyers to be 18 or older, though this is typically a retailer's policy. Some states (e.g., New York) restrict purchases to specific professions, indirectly affecting age eligibility..

Online Sales
Purchasing body armor online is legal in most U.S. states, but retailers like Safe Life Defense and AR500 Armor must verify buyers are not felons and comply with state restrictions (e.g., Connecticut requires in-person sales; New York bans civilian purchases of soft armor).

Types of Body Armor

Soft Armor: Flexible, designed to stop handgun rounds (e.g., NIJ Level IIIA).
Hard Armor: Rigid plates that stop rifle rounds (e.g., NIJ Level III/IV).
NIJ Certification: Look for armor tested to National Institute of Justice (NIJ) standards.

Ethical and Safety Tips for Civilians

Legal Risks: Avoid wearing body armor in sensitive locations (e.g., airports, government buildings) to prevent misunderstandings.

Misuse Concerns: Body armor is for defensive use only; misuse (e.g., intimidation) can harm public perception and lead to legal issues.

Maintenance: Clean and store armor properly to ensure longevity.

Conclusion

Body armor laws exist to balance civilian safety with public security. While most civilians can legally own armor, restrictions apply to felons and those intending criminal activity. Always research state and local laws before purchasing, prioritize NIJ-certified gear, and use armor responsibly.